Finding the best self emptying robot vacuum in 2026 means balancing convenience, performance, and price. The Shark AV2501AE stands out as the best overall choice, offering reliable cleaning and a large self-emptying base that minimizes maintenance. The Roborock Q7 M5+ impresses with its long intervals between emptying—up to 9 weeks—making it ideal for busy households. Meanwhile, the iRobot Roomba 105 with AutoEmpty Dock offers simplicity at a more accessible price point. Each of these options presents tradeoffs between suction power, navigation, and cost. Continue reading for a detailed breakdown to help you pick the best fit for your needs.
Prime for Young Adults — start your free trial
Fast free delivery, streaming and member deals for eligible 18–24 year olds.
Try it freeAs an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.
Complete the kit
Key Takeaways
- Top-performing models combine powerful suction with efficient navigation to handle pet hair and debris effectively.
- Longer intervals between empties are a major convenience factor, especially in larger homes or for busy users.
- Higher-end models with advanced mapping and app controls tend to cost more but offer greater customization.
- Cheaper options often sacrifice some navigation or suction strength but still provide reliable daily cleaning.
- Choosing the right self-emptying vacuum depends heavily on your home’s size, pet situation, and desired maintenance level.
| Shark Navigator Robot Vacuum with Self-Empty Base, Grey, RV2120AE | ![]() | Best Overall for Power and Smart Coverage | Surface Recommendation: Carpet & Hardfloors | Bagless: Yes | LiDAR Navigation: Yes | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| iRobot Roomba 105 Vacuum Robot with AutoEmpty Dock | ![]() | Best for Long-Lasting Hands-Free Cleaning | AutoEmpty Dock: Yes | Cleaning Duration: Up to 75 days | Suction Power: 70X | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Shark AV2501AE AI Robot Vacuum with XL HEPA Self-Empty Base, LIDAR Navigation, Pet Hair Cleaning, Wi-Fi, Black | ![]() | Best for Pet Owners and Allergen Control | Model: AV2501AE | Navigation: LIDAR | Self-Empty Base Capacity: 60 days | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Robot Vacuum with 11500Pa Suction, LiDAR Navigation, Self-Emptying, Pet Hair | ![]() | Best for Heavy Pet Hair and Wet/Dry Cleaning | Suction Power: 11500Pa | Water Tank Capacity: 230ml | Dustbin Capacity: 240ml | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Roborock Q7 M5+ Robot Vacuum and Mop, Up to 7-9 Weeks Self-Empty, 10000Pa | ![]() | Best for Long Intervals and Precise Control | Dust Capacity: 2.7L | Suction Power: 10000Pa | Self-Empty Duration: 7-9 weeks | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| iRobot Roomba 105 Combo Robot Vacuum & Mop with AutoEmpty Dock | ![]() | Best Overall for Long-Lasting, Flexible Cleaning | AutoEmpty Duration: 75 days | Suction Power: 70X more power-lifting suction | Navigation: LiDAR mapping | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Roborock Qrevo S Pro Robot Vacuum and Mop, 18,500Pa Suction | ![]() | Best for Pet Owners Needing Deep, Hands-Free Cleaning | Suction Power: 18,500Pa | Dustbin Capacity: 2.7L | Self-Cleaning Mops: Yes | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Tikom Robot Vacuum and Mop with Self-Emptying Base | ![]() | Best for Long-Term, Heavy-Duty Cleaning on Hard Floors | Surface Recommendation: Hard Floor | Special Features: Auto-Docking, LiDAR Navigation | Battery Life: 150 minutes | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Shark AV2511AE AI Ultra Robot Vacuum, Black/Silver | ![]() | Best for High-Power, All-in-One Cleaning in a Premium Package | Suction Power: High | Self-Emptying: Yes, up to 60 days | Navigation: 360° LiDAR | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Roborock Q10 S5+ Robot Vacuum and Mop, 10,000Pa Suction | ![]() | Best for All Floors with Dual Mopping and Deep Cleaning Power | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| self emptying robot vacuum | Suction Power | Navigation |
|---|---|---|
| Shark Navigator Robot Vacuum w | — | — |
| iRobot Roomba 105 Vacuum Robot | 70X | LiDAR |
| Shark AV2501AE AI Robot Vacuum | — | LIDAR |
| Robot Vacuum with 11500Pa Suct | 11500Pa | LiDAR |
| Roborock Q7 M5+ Robot Vacuum a | 10000Pa | PreciSense LiDAR |
| iRobot Roomba 105 Combo Robot | 70X more power-lifting suction | LiDAR mapping |
| Roborock Qrevo S Pro Robot Vac | 18,500Pa | — |
| Tikom Robot Vacuum and Mop wit | — | — |
| Shark AV2511AE AI Ultra Robot | High | 360° LiDAR |
| Roborock Q10 S5+ Robot Vacuum | — | — |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Shark Navigator Robot Vacuum with Self-Empty Base, Grey, RV2120AE
The Shark Navigator RV2120AE stands out as the best overall choice due to its combination of powerful suction, smart mapping, and a self-emptying base that holds debris for up to 60 days. Compared with the iRobot Roomba 105, it offers more suction strength and object detection, making it better suited for homes with mixed flooring and clutter. Its self-cleaning brushroll simplifies maintenance on carpets and hard floors, but the battery life may fall short in very large homes, and its bulkier base could be a concern for tight spaces. Still, it provides a balanced mix of efficiency and ease of use, ideal for those seeking a reliable all-rounder.
Pros:- Strong suction performance on carpets and hard floors
- Smart mapping and obstacle detection for efficient cleaning
- Self-emptying base reduces maintenance efforts
- Self-cleaning brushroll handles pet hair effectively
Cons:- Limited battery life for very large or multiple-floor homes
- Bulkiness of the self-emptying base might be inconvenient in small spaces
- No voice control compatibility mentioned
Best for: Homeowners wanting a versatile, powerful vacuum with long-lasting debris capacity
Not ideal for: Large households with extensive space that require longer runtime without frequent charging
- Surface Recommendation:Carpet & Hardfloors
- Bagless:Yes
- LiDAR Navigation:Yes
- Self-Cleaning Brushroll:Yes
- Controller Type:App Control
- Battery Life:120 minutes
- Capacity:0.22 quarts
Our verdict“This vacuum is best for users prioritizing power, coverage, and minimal hands-on upkeep in medium-sized homes.”
iRobot Roomba 105 Vacuum Robot with AutoEmpty Dock
The iRobot Roomba 105 excels in offering up to 75 days of virtually hands-free cleaning thanks to its auto-empty dock, making it a standout for those who dislike frequent maintenance. Compared with the Shark Navigator, it provides seamless voice control, smart mapping, and customizable schedules, but its suction power, while solid, may not match the deep-cleaning strength of Shark’s model. Its auto-empty dock is compact but might be less suitable for small spaces, and setup can be somewhat complex for less tech-savvy users. This pick makes the most sense for users who prioritize long intervals between emptying and convenience over raw suction power.
Pros:- Up to 75 days of hands-free operation
- Powerful suction with 70X more power-lifting capability
- Smart navigation with obstacle avoidance
- App and voice control support
Cons:- Requires WiFi setup and app control, which may be tricky for some
- Auto-empty dock can be bulky in tight spaces
- Limited to 2.4 GHz WiFi network
Best for: Busy households desiring extended autonomous cleaning with minimal intervention
Not ideal for: Homes requiring deep cleaning of pet hair or thick carpets regularly, due to moderate suction
- AutoEmpty Dock:Yes
- Cleaning Duration:Up to 75 days
- Suction Power:70X
- Navigation:LiDAR
- Surface Compatibility:Multi-surface
- WiFi Connectivity:2.4 GHz
Our verdict“Ideal for users valuing long-term autonomy and effortless cleaning over intense suction for heavy debris.”
Shark AV2501AE AI Robot Vacuum with XL HEPA Self-Empty Base, LIDAR Navigation, Pet Hair Cleaning, Wi-Fi, Black
The Shark AV2501AE is tailored for pet owners needing powerful suction and allergen filtration. Its HEPA filtration and self-emptying base with a 60-day capacity make it a strong choice for allergy-sensitive homes, outperforming many competitors like the Roborock Q7 in allergen management. With advanced LIDAR navigation, it offers precise mapping and obstacle avoidance, but the setup can be complex, and its higher price may deter budget-conscious buyers. This vacuum makes the most sense for households with pets that want deep cleaning combined with allergen control and scheduled operation.
Pros:- High-powered suction for pet hair and debris
- HEPA filtration captures 99.97% of allergens
- Self-emptying base with 60-day capacity
- Advanced LIDAR navigation for accuracy
Cons:- Higher price point compared to simpler models
- Setup can be complex for some users
- Runtime of 120 minutes may require multiple charges
Best for: Pet owners seeking efficient removal of pet hair and allergens with minimal maintenance
Not ideal for: Users on a tight budget or those needing longer runtime for very large areas
- Model:AV2501AE
- Navigation:LIDAR
- Self-Empty Base Capacity:60 days
- Filtration:HEPA
- Connectivity:Wi-Fi, Alexa, Google
- Suitable for:Pet hair, carpets, hard floors
Our verdict“Best suited for allergy-sensitive homes with pets, prioritizing allergen filtration and minimal upkeep.”
Robot Vacuum with 11500Pa Suction, LiDAR Navigation, Self-Emptying, Pet Hair
This 3-in-1 robot vacuum offers a rare blend of high suction, wet and dry cleaning, and self-emptying features. Its 11500Pa suction outperforms many rivals like the Roborock Q7, especially for homes with pets or stubborn debris. The inclusion of wet mopping and detailed mapping with no-go zones makes it versatile, but its large base station may require ample space, and setup involves multiple accessories that could be daunting for some. The limited runtime of 160 minutes might require multiple charges for extensive areas, yet it excels in comprehensive cleaning with minimal intervention.
Pros:- Powerful 11500Pa suction for pet hair and debris
- Wet and dry cleaning modes for comprehensive coverage
- Self-emptying reduces maintenance frequency
- LiDAR navigation for precise mapping and zone control
Cons:- Large base station may not fit in tight spaces
- Setup is more complex with multiple accessories
- Battery life could be limiting in larger homes
Best for: Pet owners and busy households needing high suction and multi-modal cleaning
Not ideal for: Small apartments or homes with limited space for the large base station
- Suction Power:11500Pa
- Water Tank Capacity:230ml
- Dustbin Capacity:240ml
- Navigation:LiDAR
- Self-Emptying:Yes
- Cleaning Modes:Vacuum, Sweep, Mop
Our verdict“Ideal for pet households needing a high-capacity, multi-function cleaning robot with minimal upkeep.”
Roborock Q7 M5+ Robot Vacuum and Mop, Up to 7-9 Weeks Self-Empty, 10000Pa
The Roborock Q7 M5+ provides an excellent balance between suction power and long-term autonomy, featuring a dust bag that can last up to 9 weeks. Its 10000Pa suction is robust enough for pet hair and everyday dirt, while advanced LiDAR navigation ensures precise mapping and zone control, similar to the Shark Navigator. Its app-based scheduling and real-time monitoring make it highly convenient, though it only supports 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, which might limit compatibility for some users. This model makes the most sense for those who want extended self-sufficiency combined with effective cleaning performance.
Pros:- Long-lasting self-emptying dust bag (7-9 weeks)
- Powerful 10000Pa suction for pet hair and debris
- Advanced LiDAR navigation for accuracy
- App control with scheduling and zone setup
Cons:- Limited to 2.4GHz Wi-Fi network
- Higher price point for extended features
- No mention of voice assistant compatibility
Best for: Tech-savvy users wanting extended self-emptying performance with precise mapping
Not ideal for: Users needing dual-band Wi-Fi support or lower price options
- Dust Capacity:2.7L
- Suction Power:10000Pa
- Self-Empty Duration:7-9 weeks
- Navigation:PreciSense LiDAR
- Wi-Fi:2.4GHz
Our verdict“This model suits users seeking long-term autonomy and detailed control over their cleaning schedule.”
iRobot Roomba 105 Combo Robot Vacuum & Mop with AutoEmpty Dock
This model stands out for offering up to 75 days of hands-free cleaning, making it ideal for busy households that dislike frequent maintenance. Its powerful 70X suction easily outperforms many competitors like the Roborock Q10 S5+ on deep cleaning tasks, especially with pet hair and debris. The added mop function offers versatility, but it avoids carpets, limiting its usefulness in mixed flooring environments. The smart mapping and obstacle avoidance improve navigation, yet the setup requires a Wi-Fi connection and app use, which may be a barrier for some users. Compared to the Shark AV2511AE, it provides longer autonomy but at a potentially higher price and complexity. This pick works best for users seeking a highly autonomous, multi-purpose device with minimal maintenance needs, despite the need for Wi-Fi setup and higher cost.
Pros:- Long-lasting up to 75 days without emptying
- Strong suction for deep cleaning
- Smart navigation with obstacle avoidance
- Flexible vacuum, mop, or combo modes
Cons:- Requires Wi-Fi setup and app control
- Mopping feature is limited on carpeted areas
- Price may be higher than simpler models
Best for: Households that prioritize long-term automation and flexible cleaning modes without frequent emptying
Not ideal for: Users with mixed flooring that includes carpets or those who prefer simple, non-app-controlled devices
- AutoEmpty Duration:75 days
- Suction Power:70X more power-lifting suction
- Navigation:LiDAR mapping
- Cleaning Modes:Vacuum, mop, combo
- Connectivity:Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz
- Includes:AutoEmpty Dock, extra mop pad
Our verdict“This is best for tech-savvy users seeking an ultra-long autonomy robot with versatile cleaning options.”
Roborock Qrevo S Pro Robot Vacuum and Mop, 18,500Pa Suction
Compared to the iRobot Roomba 105 Combo, the Roborock Qrevo S Pro offers a more powerful 18,500Pa suction, making it superior for pet hair and heavy debris. Its auto-empty dock and self-cleaning mops reduce maintenance, but support only 2.4 GHz WiFi, which could limit connectivity for some smart home setups. The obstacle detection and adaptive cleaning modes help it cover more ground effectively, especially on complex layouts. However, the higher price point and maintenance for self-cleaning mops may deter budget-conscious buyers. If you’re looking for a robot that handles pet messes with minimal intervention, this model delivers deep cleaning, but at a premium cost and with some connectivity constraints. It’s ideal for pet owners who want high suction power and low maintenance, despite the price and Wi-Fi limitations.
Pros:- Extremely powerful 18,500Pa suction
- Auto-empty dock and self-cleaning mops reduce ongoing work
- Obstacle detection with comprehensive coverage
- Adaptive cleaning modes
Cons:- Limited to 2.4 GHz WiFi support
- Higher price compared to less powerful models
- Self-cleaning mops may require regular maintenance
Best for: Pet owners needing a high-suction, low-maintenance robot that can handle pet hair and debris efficiently
Not ideal for: Users with limited Wi-Fi options or those seeking budget-friendly options with simpler features
- Suction Power:18,500Pa
- Dustbin Capacity:2.7L
- Self-Cleaning Mops:Yes
- WiFi Compatibility:2.4 GHz only
- Noise Level:55 dB
- Includes:Auto-empty dock
Our verdict“Best suited for pet owners seeking maximum cleaning power and minimal hands-on maintenance, accepting higher costs and connectivity limitations.”
Tikom Robot Vacuum and Mop with Self-Emptying Base
The Tikom L8000 Plus shines for its exceptional 90-day autonomy, thanks to a large 3L dustbag, making it perfect for homes with extensive cleaning needs. Its strong 6000Pa suction handles pet hair and debris effectively, comparable to the Roborock Qrevo but with a focus on long-term use. The 360° LiDAR navigation ensures comprehensive coverage, and its app control adds ease. However, the mopping feature requires removing the mop holder or setting no-go zones, which might be inconvenient for mixed surfaces. The 60 dB noise level could be noticeable during operations, and the 3L capacity, while excellent for heavy use, might require space for the station. Ideal for homes prioritizing long intervals between emptying and heavy-duty cleaning on hard floors, but less so for users needing frequent, quick maintenance.
Pros:- Up to 90 days of autonomous cleaning
- Powerful 6000Pa suction
- Smart mapping with multi-floor support
- Large 3L dust capacity
Cons:- Requires removing mop holder or setting no-go zones for mopping
- Noise level of 60 dB may be disruptive
- Capacity might require dedicated space for station
Best for: Homes with large, hard-floor areas needing infrequent emptying and deep cleaning
Not ideal for: Users with mixed flooring that includes carpets or those who prefer quick, frequent cleaning cycles
- Surface Recommendation:Hard Floor
- Special Features:Auto-Docking, LiDAR Navigation
- Battery Life:150 minutes
- Capacity:3 liters
- Power Level:3
- Noise Level:60 db
Our verdict“Best for large households with hard floors seeking minimal maintenance and deep cleaning, accepting some setup inconveniences.”
Shark AV2511AE AI Ultra Robot Vacuum, Black/Silver
The Shark AV2511AE stands out for delivering strong suction and advanced navigation, making it suitable for thorough cleaning on carpets and hard floors alike. Its self-emptying base reduces routine maintenance, similar to the Roborock Qrevo and Tikom models, but with a more user-friendly interface. The AI features and app controls add convenience, yet the complexity may present a learning curve for some users. Its higher price reflects its premium build and capabilities, which might not appeal to budget buyers. This vacuum makes the most sense for those seeking a powerful, smart device that handles pet hair and deep cleaning efficiently, with less frequent emptying, but with an understanding that it’s a pricier option with a potentially complex setup.
Pros:- High suction power for pet hair and debris
- Self-emptying base reduces ongoing maintenance
- Advanced navigation with mapping and object detection
- App and voice control compatible
Cons:- May be expensive compared to basic models
- Complex features might have a learning curve
- Self-emptying base adds weight and size
Best for: Homeowners wanting a high-suction, AI-enabled robot with straightforward self-emptying and deep cleaning features
Not ideal for: Budget-conscious buyers or those seeking simple, no-frills models without app or voice control
- Suction Power:High
- Self-Emptying:Yes, up to 60 days
- Navigation:360° LiDAR
- Control:App and voice (Alexa, Google)
- Includes:Self-empty base, side brush
Our verdict“Best suited for users desiring a premium, high-power robot with smart navigation and minimal maintenance, despite its higher cost.”
Roborock Q10 S5+ Robot Vacuum and Mop, 10,000Pa Suction
Compared to the Roborock Qrevo S Pro, the Q10 S5+ offers a slightly lower 10,000Pa suction but compensates with a dual mopping system and advanced obstacle avoidance. Its self-emptying station simplifies maintenance, making it suitable for busy homes that want thorough cleaning for various surfaces, including carpets and tiles. Its app and voice controls add convenience, but the setup can be complex for some users. The noise level at 65 dB is noticeable but typical for a high-end robot. This model makes sense for homeowners who need versatile, deep cleaning across multiple floor types, accepting the slightly lower suction power and more involved setup for the benefit of dual mopping.
Pros:- Powerful 10,000Pa suction
- Dual mopping system with auto mop lifting
- Self-emptying station reduces maintenance
- Reactive obstacle avoidance
Cons:- High price point
- Complex setup for new users
- Noise at 65 dB may be disruptive
Best for: Homeowners seeking a versatile robot capable of deep cleaning and mopping across different floor types with minimal intervention
Not ideal for: Users who prefer a simpler, less expensive robot or those primarily cleaning hard floors without need for mopping
Our verdict“Great for multi-surface homes needing deep cleaning and mopping, accepting some complexity and cost for versatile performance.”

How We Picked
These products were evaluated based on their cleaning performance, frequency of emptying, ease of use, build quality, and value for money. Priority was given to models with strong suction, reliable navigation, and effective self-emptying features. We also considered user reviews and brand reputation to ensure durability and consistent performance. The ranking reflects a balance between high-end features and practical everyday usability, aiming to recommend options suitable for different types of users and budgets.Factors to Consider When Choosing Best Self Emptying Robot Vacuum
When selecting the best self emptying robot vacuum, it’s important to consider several factors that impact overall convenience and cleaning efficiency. Understanding these can help avoid common pitfalls and ensure you choose a model that truly fits your household needs. Each factor influences how well the vacuum performs and how much effort you’ll spend maintaining it, especially in relation to your home size, pet presence, and budget.Suction Power and Cleaning Performance
High suction power is essential for effectively removing pet hair, dirt, and debris, especially on carpets and rugs. While some budget models may offer adequate cleaning for hard floors, they might struggle with thicker carpets or pet fur. Consider your primary cleaning needs—more power generally means a higher price but also more reliable cleaning with fewer passes needed.
Battery Life and Cleaning Range
Longer battery life allows the vacuum to clean larger areas without needing to recharge. If your home is spacious or has multiple floors, prioritize models with extended run times. Keep in mind that some models can return to their dock and resume cleaning, which adds convenience but may also increase complexity and cost.
Navigation and Mapping Technology
Advanced navigation systems like LIDAR or visual mapping ensure thorough coverage and efficient route planning. Cheaper models may rely on random patterns, leading to missed spots or repeated cleaning. Perfect for larger homes or rooms with complex layouts, good navigation reduces the time and energy spent on cleaning cycles.
Self-Emptying Capacity and Ease of Maintenance
The size and convenience of the self-emptying base significantly impact how often you’ll need to empty the bin manually. Larger bases mean fewer emptying sessions, especially important for homes with pets or heavy debris. However, larger bases may also take up more space and add to the initial cost.
Price and Overall Value
While premium models offer the most features, they come with higher price tags. Mid-range options often strike a balance between affordability and performance, making them suitable for most users. Always consider whether the extra features justify the additional cost based on your cleaning frequency and household needs.
Frequently Asked Questions
How often do self emptying robot vacuums need to be emptied?
The frequency depends on the size of the dustbin and the amount of debris your home generates. Many models with large self-emptying bases can go up to 4-6 weeks before needing to be manually emptied, especially in homes with pets. However, regular checks are recommended to prevent overflows and maintain optimal performance. If you have a busy household or pets, opting for a model with a larger capacity can reduce maintenance significantly.
Are self emptying robot vacuums suitable for thick carpets?
Yes, many high-end models with strong suction and precise navigation perform well on thick carpets. However, some budget options may struggle with deep pile or shag carpets, especially if suction power is lower. The key is to look for models specifically rated for carpet cleaning and with adjustable power settings. For homes with mainly carpets, investing in a model with higher suction and good carpet recognition makes sense.
Can I use these vacuums on multiple floors?
Most self emptying robot vacuums are designed for single-floor use due to the need for reprogramming or re-mapping on different levels. Some models with advanced mapping features can store multiple floor plans, making switching floors easier. If you have multiple levels, consider a model with multi-floor mapping or plan to move the device manually between floors. Keep in mind that frequent re-mapping can add to setup time.
What should I do if the vacuum gets stuck or misses spots?
Modern models with smart navigation generally handle obstacles well, but occasional issues can happen. Regularly clearing paths and checking for tangled hair or debris helps maintain performance. Many vacuums have app controls that allow you to send manual commands or check cleaning maps, which can help identify problem areas. Investing in a model with good obstacle avoidance and mapping features reduces the likelihood of missed spots or getting stuck.
Is it worth paying more for a premium self emptying robot vacuum?
Higher-priced models typically offer stronger suction, better navigation, larger capacity, and more customization options. If your home has pets, multiple floors, or heavy debris, spending more can lead to significant time savings and more reliable cleaning. However, for smaller homes or light cleaning needs, mid-range models often provide excellent value without the hefty price tag. Carefully weigh your cleaning demands against the added features in premium models before deciding.
Conclusion
For those seeking the best overall performance, the Shark AV2501AE offers a balanced mix of power, convenience, and value. Users with large homes or heavy pet hair should consider the Roborock Q7 M5+ for its extended emptying intervals. Budget-conscious buyers will find the iRobot Roomba 105 with AutoEmpty Dock provides reliable cleaning at a lower cost. Beginners or those new to robot vacuums might prefer simpler models with fewer features, while households with multiple floors or pets should look for models with advanced mapping and larger capacities. Tailor your choice to your specific cleaning needs, home size, and budget to find the perfect self emptying robot vacuum in 2026.
Flea & tick season Picks
flea and tick prevention
As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.












