📊 Full opportunity report: Raw-feed licensing. The contract that doesn’t exist yet. on ThorstenMeyerAI.com — validation score, market gap, and execution plan.

TL;DR

A key licensing category—raw-feed licensing for AI downstream rewriting—lacks an industry-standard contract. This gap mirrors early 20th-century music licensing issues and could hinder AI industry development.

There is currently no industry-standard contract for raw-feed licensing for downstream AI rewriting, despite its critical importance in the evolving AI content ecosystem.

While licensing agreements for training data and display rights are established, the third category—raw-feed licensing for downstream per-audience rewriting—remains unregulated by a formal contract. This gap is significant because the economics of AI rewriting, which often costs around $0.003 to $0.02 per rewrite, directly collide with the music licensing framework, which has been in place since the early 20th century. The absence of a standardized contract leads to a mispricing of derivative work, creating legal and economic uncertainties.

Sources such as Thorsten Meyer highlight that this missing contract category is the result of structural resistance from the key parties involved—AI labs, publishers, wire cooperatives, and search engines—each preferring to maintain the current mis-pricing equilibrium that favors their interests. The lack of a formal legal framework mirrors the early days of music licensing after cases like White-Smith v. Apollo, before congressional action established the current licensing system. The gap could hinder the development of downstream AI applications and complicate negotiations around attribution, derivative scope, and revenue sharing.

Raw-Feed Licensing: The Contract That Doesn’t Exist Yet — Thorsten Meyer AI
FEED
● DISPATCH / MAY 2026
THORSTEN MEYER AI · POST-WIRE · § 02
POST-WIRE · 02
NEWS / LICENSING ECONOMICS
Essay · Contract-Forensic Analysis · 2026-05-17

Raw-Feed Licensing:
The Contract That
Doesn’t Exist Yet

Training-data licensing is contracted. Display licensing is contracted. The third category — the post-wire one — has no contract.
Spotify pays songwriters ~$0.004 per stream. Apple Music pays ~$0.008. The Copyright Royalty Board under Phonorecords IV sets the all-in mechanical streaming royalty at 15.1% (2023) → 15.35% (2027) of platform revenue. Per-rewrite LLM inference cost lands in the same band: $0.003–$0.02, local open-weight to higher-tier cloud. The numbers collide, and the contract category that should price them against each other — raw-feed licensing for downstream per-audience rewrite — has not been written. This piece walks through what the contract should specify, why it isn’t there, and who structurally doesn’t want it written.
$0.004
Avg Spotify per-stream
royalty (2025)
$0.003
Per-rewrite inference cost
local Mac fleet, open-weight
15.35%
Phonorecords IV mechanical
streaming rate by 2027
$3B+
MLC payouts since 2021
(scaffolding scale)
SPOTIFY $0.004/STREAM· APPLE MUSIC $0.008/STREAM· TIDAL $0.01284/STREAM· YOUTUBE MUSIC ~$0.005-0.007· PHONORECORDS IV 15.1%→15.35%· MECHANICAL RATE 12.7¢ (2025)· 1909 COPYRIGHT ACT· 1976 REVISION· DPRA 1995· MMA 2018· MLC $3B PAYOUTS· TOLLBIT 7000 SITES· TOLLBIT $24M SERIES A· 730% BOT-PAYWALL GROWTH· ARC XP 2000+ PROPERTIES· CHATGPT 87.8% AI-BOT TRAFFIC· RAW-FEED CONTRACT MISSING· SPOTIFY $0.004/STREAM· APPLE MUSIC $0.008/STREAM· TIDAL $0.01284/STREAM· YOUTUBE MUSIC ~$0.005-0.007· PHONORECORDS IV 15.1%→15.35%· MECHANICAL RATE 12.7¢ (2025)· 1909 COPYRIGHT ACT· 1976 REVISION· DPRA 1995· MMA 2018· MLC $3B PAYOUTS· TOLLBIT 7000 SITES· TOLLBIT $24M SERIES A· 730% BOT-PAYWALL GROWTH· ARC XP 2000+ PROPERTIES· CHATGPT 87.8% AI-BOT TRAFFIC· RAW-FEED CONTRACT MISSING·
FIG. 01 — THE THREE LICENSE CATEGORIES
Two contracts written, one missing
The AI-publisher licensing market sorts into three structural categories — and only two are contracted today
CATEGORY A
Training-data
Archive-shaped · One-shot · Fixed term
AP–OpenAI 2023 (archive 1985→)
Reddit–OpenAI 2024
Stack Overflow–OpenAI 2024
Shutterstock multi-deal
CATEGORY B
Display
Chat-shaped · Attribution-bound · Brand-tier priced
News Corp–OpenAI $250M/5yr
News Corp–Meta $150M/3yr
Axel Springer ~$13M/yr
FT $5–10M/yr · AP–Google
CATEGORY C
Raw-feed-rewrite
Post-wire-shaped · Per-audience derivative-work production
Mistral–AFP (2,300/day, structurally close but priced as display+RAG)

No standard contract.
No Standard
Contract
Training-data and display licensing assume the AI is a destination. Raw-feed-for-rewrite assumes the AI is an intermediate layer producing N derivative works for N downstream publication endpoints. That use case has no industry-standard pricing unit, no industry-standard attribution requirement, no industry-standard audit infrastructure. It just happens, unlicensed, in the gap.
FIG. 02 — THE COST COLLISION
Per-stream music royalty vs. per-rewrite inference cost
Both are units of derivative-work production at scale — and they sit in the same numerical neighbourhood
A · Music streaming royalty per stream · 2025
Spotify (avg)
$0.004
Apple Music (avg)
$0.008
Amazon Music
$0.006
YouTube Music Premium
$0.006
Tidal (highest)
$0.01284
Band: $0.003 — $0.013 per unit
B · Per-rewrite LLM inference · 600-word source
Local open-weight (Mac fleet)
$0.003
Cloud commodity (Haiku/4o-mini)
$0.007
Cloud mid-tier
$0.012
Cloud higher-tier
$0.020
50-site fan-out total
< $1
Band: $0.003 — $0.020 per unit
The collision is structural, not coincidental. Both rates are derivative-work production units operating at the same scale-economics — variable cost per piece of content, distributed across a pooled audience. If raw-feed licensing settled at a per-rewrite royalty in the same band ($0.005–$0.02), the wire cooperatives would have a defensible economic floor and the AI side would have a defensible variable-cost line item. Neither party has proposed this publicly.
FIG. 03 — THE 1909 PRECEDENT
The legal scaffolding music has and news doesn’t
117 years of statutory rate-setting, compulsory licensing, and collective collection infrastructure
1908
White-Smith Music Publishing v. Apollo — Supreme Court rules piano rolls aren’t “copies” of sheet music because humans can’t read them. Songwriters lose; mechanical reproduction unregulated.
1909
Copyright Act of 1909 — Congress overrides the Court; creates first compulsory mechanical license at 2¢ per unit. The original statutory rate-setting precedent.
1976
Copyright Act revision — Rate raised from 2¢ to 2.75¢ after 67 years frozen. Section 115 framework retained. Compulsory licensing extended to new media.
1995
Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings Act — Extends mechanical licensing to digital downloads. Acknowledges new technology forms.
2018
Music Modernization Act — Establishes the Mechanical Licensing Collective. Blanket licensing for digital streaming services. Centralised collection infrastructure.
2023–27
Phonorecords IV (CRB) — Sets all-in mechanical streaming royalty rate at 15.1%→15.35% of platform revenue. Current statutory mechanical rate 12.7¢ per track.
2026
News raw-feed licensing — No statutory rate. No compulsory licensing regime. No central collective. No CRB-equivalent. The contract category exists structurally but has no scaffolding underneath it.
The pattern across 117 years: technology outruns licensing, lawsuit fails to protect rights-holders, Congress intervenes statutorily, rate-setting body resolves per-unit pricing, collective handles administration. News raw-feed licensing is currently at the “technology outruns licensing” step. The intervening steps will, on historical pattern, eventually follow — but they take decades. The Bartz $1.5B settlement and the NYT v. Perplexity complaint are the early lawsuit-failure-to-protect signals.
FIG. 04 — THE TOLLBIT GAP
The closest existing infrastructure stops short of raw-feed
TollBit operates ~7,000 publisher sites with two license types — neither addresses the post-wire category
LICENSE TYPE
USE CASE COVERED
STATUS
Summarization
AI cites or grounds an answer once with a single use of the page. Pricing per 1,000 pages accessed. RPM benchmark.
Contracted
via TollBit
Full Display
AI displays the complete text of an article once within its product. Per-1,000-pages pricing benchmarked against syndication rates.
Contracted
via TollBit
Model Training
Use of the content to train or fine-tune an AI model. TollBit explicitly does not permit either license type to extend to training.
Excluded
by both licenses
Raw-feed-rewrite
AI ingests the source feed and produces N differentiated rewrites for N downstream publication endpoints. The post-wire use case.
Not offered
as a license type
TollBit (founded 2023, ~7,000 publisher sites including TIME, Fast Company, Washington Post Arc XP, $24M Lightspeed Series A on top of seed) is the most-built piece of the raw-feed licensing infrastructure: detection, metering, rate-setting per 1,000 pages, payment routing, MCP-server integration. What the platform doesn’t have yet is the license category. Bot-paywall adoption grew 730% Q4 2024 → Q1 2025; ~20% of publishers earn revenue, in the hundreds-to-tens-of-thousands per month range. Necessary infrastructure, insufficient contract category.
FIG. 05 — FIVE CONTRACT SHAPES
What the missing contract could look like
Five plausible structures, scored on near-term feasibility · none currently leading
SH.
CONTRACT SHAPE
PRICING UNIT
NEAR-TERM
A
Per-rewrite royaltyMusic-streaming-mapped, pro-rata pool possible
$0.005–0.02 / rewrite
Medium
B
Per-source-story flat feeModified wire-subscription, simpler administration
Tiered $/story
High
C
Per-endpoint subscriptionExtension of existing AP/Reuters subscription model
$/endpoint/yr
Medium
D
Revenue-share on AI trafficAligns dollars with realised value · audit-heavy
% of attributed rev
Low
E
Statutory compulsory licenseCRB-equivalent for news · 1909-act-shaped
Statutory rate
Low (slow)
Near-term feasibility is not the same as long-term likelihood. The historical pattern (mechanical, broadcast, cable) suggests Shape E — statutory compulsory licensing — is where these gaps eventually settle, but on a 5–15 year timeline. The near-term outcomes (Shape A or B) will set the precedent the statutory regime eventually formalises. Whoever drafts the first major Shape A or B contract has disproportionate influence on what Shape E ends up codifying a decade later.
Per-stream music royalty and per-rewrite inference cost are in the same numerical neighbourhood because both are units of derivative-work production at scale. The contract that should price them against each other does not exist yet.
Thorsten Meyer · Raw-Feed Licensing · Post-Wire 02

Implications of the Missing Raw-Feed Contract

This gap matters because it hampers the development of a clear legal and economic framework for AI-generated content reuse. Without a standard contract, stakeholders face uncertainty over licensing costs, attribution, and revenue sharing, which could slow innovation and lead to legal disputes. The situation resembles the early 1900s music licensing crisis, suggesting that eventual regulation is likely but delayed by stakeholder resistance.

Commercial Contracts : A Practical Guide to Deals, Contracts, Agreements and Promises

Commercial Contracts : A Practical Guide to Deals, Contracts, Agreements and Promises

As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.

As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.

Historical and Industry Context of Licensing Gaps

Currently, licensing for AI training data and display rights are well-established, with contracts in place such as those between OpenAI and publishers like News Corp and Reddit. For more on licensing issues, see raw-feed licensing. However, the critical third category—raw-feed licensing for downstream rewriting—lacks an industry-standard contract. This missing framework echoes the licensing issues faced by the music industry in the early 20th century, particularly after landmark cases and before statutory regulation was enacted. The legal scaffolding for music, built over decades, now provides a reference point for understanding the potential evolution of AI licensing frameworks.

Stakeholders such as AI labs, publishers, and search engines are divided, with each party preferring to avoid setting a precedent that could diminish their bargaining power or revenue. This deadlock has persisted despite the clear economic need for a formal agreement that would set pricing, attribution, and derivative scope standards.

“The missing contract category is the structural moment music was in around 1908 — after White-Smith v. Apollo and before Congress responded.”

— Thorsten Meyer

Amazon

raw data feed licensing contracts

As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.

As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.

Unresolved Legal and Economic Challenges

It is not yet clear when or how a formal, industry-standard raw-feed licensing contract will be established. Stakeholder resistance remains high, and the exact shape of future regulation or agreements is still uncertain, as is the potential impact on AI development and content reuse models.

Amazon

AI downstream rewriting licensing

As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.

As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.

Potential Paths Toward Contract Resolution

Next steps include ongoing negotiations among AI labs, publishers, and platform operators, with increasing pressure from statutory and market forces. Regulatory developments, inspired by historical precedents in music licensing, may eventually lead to the creation of a standardized contract. Stakeholders are likely to experiment with different licensing models, such as per-rewrite royalties, flat fees, or revenue sharing, as the legal vacuum persists.

Monetizing Intellectual Property in the AI Era: Licensing, Royalties & Innovation Strategies

Monetizing Intellectual Property in the AI Era: Licensing, Royalties & Innovation Strategies

As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.

As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.

Key Questions

Why does the lack of a raw-feed licensing contract matter now?

It creates legal and economic uncertainty, hindering the development of downstream AI applications and potentially leading to disputes over attribution, costs, and derivative rights.

How is this situation similar to early music licensing issues?

Both involve a missing legal framework that leads to mis-pricing of derivative works and delays regulation, with the music industry eventually establishing statutory licensing after decades of unresolved disputes.

Who are the main parties resisting the creation of a standard contract?

AI labs, large publishers, wire cooperatives, and search engines each prefer maintaining the current mis-pricing equilibrium that favors their interests, which complicates reaching consensus.

What are the possible models for future raw-feed licensing agreements?

Potential models include per-rewrite royalties, flat fees per source story, revenue sharing, or statutory compulsory licensing, but no consensus has been reached yet.

When might we see a formal contract emerge?

It remains uncertain; regulatory pressure and stakeholder negotiations are ongoing, and historical patterns suggest a resolution could take years, similar to the evolution of music licensing.

Source: ThorstenMeyerAI.com

You May Also Like

AI Can’t Be Listed As Inventor On Patent Applications, Japan’s Top Court Rules

Japan’s Supreme Court confirms AI cannot be named as an inventor on patent applications, reinforcing human inventor requirements.

The rails. Why European agentic commerce is co-defined by two converging regimes.

European law is shaping agentic commerce through two regulatory regimes—PSD3/PSR and the AI Act—creating a complex, statutorily driven infrastructure that differs from the US model.

Data retention cleanup assistant for small law firms

A new data retention cleanup assistant aimed at small law firms is entering testing, focusing on managing legacy files and improving operational workflows.

Data processing agreement tracker for micro SaaS teams

A new DPA tracker designed for founder-led SaaS teams is being tested to streamline vendor and customer data paperwork, addressing a growing compliance need.